from gamesx.com
Colour Difference
or
Component Video
or
ColorStream
Component Video is a bit of a misnomer - RGB is technically also component video, or video whose components are transmitted seperately. Usually, when someone refers to Component Video however, they're referring to Colour-Difference video. Dan's Data explains this three channel (YRB) signal thusly:
The first channel is luminance, (notated Y, the standard abbreviation for intensity). The luminance is the signalâs brightness information only, and includes no colour data. The Y signal by itself gives a black and white picture. The other two channels are called colour difference. Theyâre notated R-Y and B-Y, and are the difference between red and the luminance and the difference between blue and the luminance, respectively. The colour difference channels can be algebraically recombined with the luminance to give a full colour picture, without having to transmit the green data that, on most video, takes up more bandwidth than the other two colours put together (on average, green is 59% of a video signal).
Now that's not really all there is to it. DVD discs store their video data as colour-difference video, but it's compressed, where the Luminance (Y) channel is mostly left alone and the R-Y and B-Y signals are compressed. In theory this format allows for very little crossover during transmission, but there's a snag: The compression employed does not preserve all of the colour data. The storing of pictures or video in this format trades off some clarity for space saving. It's not always compressed, however - the Playstation 2 for example allows the use of uncompressed component video for the display of games and computer data - but it's DVD output is, of course, compressed. Many modern TVs accept component video but not RGB - which seems odd to me, because component video requires more hardware inside the television for decoding and display. The lack of a standardized RGB connector prohibits the widespread adoption of this standard, unfortunately.