Today we have alot more solid evidence on the existance of evolution than we had int he past. The bulk of anti-evolution literature was written int he first half of the last century and is rather dated compared to more recent findings.
People pretty near universally accepted evolution existed even before Darwin presented his theory. What created such a stir was the suggestion that humans too are a product of evolution as opposed to the divinely created masters of the universe. It stroked quite a few people's ego's the wrong way.
All Darwin ever did was present natural selection as the mechanism behind evolution. In fact a lot of christian protestants were the first to accept his theories citing that natural selection must be god's divine providence at work on earth. And yes this really shocked and pissed off Darwin as he was a deeply religous good little Christian boy. He couldn't believe people were applying his theories to such unethical bullshit.
There's a long tradition of great thinker's theories being misapplied by stupid people around the world. For exqample, they morphed Einstein's theory of relativity into a theory of relativism: that all things in the universe are relative to perspective so good and evil don't actually exist. How you get that from e=mc^2 is beyond me but as I said, stupid people will do stupid things with smart people's ideas.
If you're interested in these misappropriations of such theories, check out the book Modern Times by Paul Joseph. He has an excellent book spanning the entire 1900's. It's about 1500 pages as I recall and will set you back $14 for the paperback edition.
I also reccomend Science, Politics, and Gnosticism by Eric Voegelin (it's out of print so you'd need to buy it used) and if you want to see a parody of 1900-1950, read CS Lewis' "That Hideous Strength". They're all really good